Understanding Eczema / Atopic Dermatitis

Eczema happens when the skin's natural barrier is weak, making it dry and easy to irritate. Things like dust, heat, sweat, certain soaps, and even stress can trigger a flare-up. It can also run in families, so if a parent has eczema, asthma, or hay fever, a child is more likely to get it too.

Yes, mild eczema can often be managed at home by keeping the skin well moisturised with a plain, unscented cream or shea butter. Avoid harsh soaps, very hot water, and scratching the affected area. However, if the skin becomes very red, swollen, oozing, or the itching is severe, you should see a doctor for proper treatment.

You should see a doctor if your eczema is not getting better after a week of home care, or if the skin looks infected — signs include yellow crusting, pus, or a lot of swelling. Children with eczema that is disturbing their sleep or spreading quickly also need to be seen by a doctor. Do not wait too long, as untreated infections can get worse.

A doctor may prescribe a steroid cream to reduce redness and itching during a flare-up — these are safe when used correctly for a short time. They may also recommend antihistamine tablets to help with itching, especially at night. If there is an infection, an antibiotic cream or tablet may be added to the treatment.

The best way to prevent flare-ups is to keep your skin moisturised every day, even when it looks fine. Use mild, unscented soap and wear loose, cotton clothing to avoid irritating the skin. Try to identify and avoid your personal triggers — common ones in West Africa include heat, sweat, dust, and certain washing powders.