Understanding Periodontal Disease / Gum Disease
Periodontal disease, commonly called gum disease, is an infection of the gums and the bone that holds your teeth in place. It usually starts with swollen, bleeding gums and can get worse over time if not treated. You should see a doctor or dentist if your gums bleed when you brush, your teeth feel loose, or you notice pain or bad breath that does not go away.
Common Symptoms / Concerns for Periodontal Disease / Gum Disease
When to Seek Professional Care
Book an evaluation with a healthcare provider immediately if you experience or present with:
- Gums that bleed heavily and do not stop after a few minutes
- Severe pain in the gums or jaw that makes it hard to eat or speak
- A tooth that has become very loose or has fallen out
- Swelling in the face, jaw, or neck alongside gum pain
- Fever with gum pain or swelling — this may mean the infection has spread
- Pus or a bad-smelling discharge coming from the gums
- Gums that have pulled so far back that the roots of the teeth are visible
- Difficulty swallowing or opening your mouth fully alongside gum problems
What to Expect During Your Medical Consultation
When you visit a dentist or doctor for gum disease, they will ask about your symptoms, how long you have had them, and your brushing and eating habits. They will gently examine your gums, check for swelling or bleeding, and may take X-rays to see if the bone around your teeth has been affected. Treatment is usually straightforward — it may include a thorough cleaning of your teeth and gums, advice on better oral hygiene, and sometimes medication to clear the infection.
Medical Divisions Vetted for Periodontal Disease / Gum Disease
Our platform supports multiple clinical specialties capable of providing consultations for this visit type:
Gum Specialist
Clinicians available for periodontal disease / gum disease consultations.
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes gum disease?
Gum disease is mainly caused by a build-up of plaque — a sticky film of bacteria — on the teeth and gums. If plaque is not removed by regular brushing and cleaning, it hardens and irritates the gums, causing infection. Smoking, diabetes, poor diet, and not visiting a dentist regularly can all make gum disease more likely.
Can I treat gum disease at home?
Mild gum disease can improve with better oral hygiene — brushing twice a day, cleaning between your teeth, and rinsing with salt water can help reduce swelling and bleeding. However, if your symptoms do not improve within a week or two, or if you have pain, loose teeth, or pus, you should see a dentist. Home care alone cannot remove hardened plaque or treat a serious infection.
Is gum disease contagious?
The bacteria that cause gum disease can be passed between people through saliva — for example, by sharing cups, utensils, or kissing. However, gum disease itself does not spread like a cold or flu. Good oral hygiene is the best way to protect yourself, even if someone close to you has gum disease.
What happens if gum disease is not treated?
If left untreated, gum disease can destroy the bone and tissue that hold your teeth in place, eventually causing teeth to fall out. It has also been linked to other health problems such as heart disease and poorly controlled diabetes. Treating gum disease early is much easier and less costly than dealing with the damage it causes later.
How can I prevent gum disease?
The best way to prevent gum disease is to brush your teeth at least twice a day and clean between your teeth regularly. Avoid smoking, eat a balanced diet with less sugary food and drinks, and drink clean water. Visiting a dentist for a check-up and cleaning at least once a year — even when you have no pain — can catch problems early before they become serious.
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