Understanding Vertigo

Vertigo is most commonly caused by a problem in the inner ear, such as a condition called BPPV (where tiny crystals in the ear move out of place) or an infection that affects the ear's balance system. It can also be caused by migraines, high blood pressure, or in rare cases, a problem in the brain. Stress and tiredness can sometimes make symptoms worse.

Some mild cases of vertigo can improve with rest and simple head exercises called the Epley manoeuvre, which helps reposition crystals in the inner ear. Drinking enough water and avoiding sudden head movements can also help. However, if your symptoms are severe, keep coming back, or are getting worse, you should see a doctor rather than managing at home.

Vertigo itself is not usually life-threatening, but it can increase your risk of falling and injuring yourself, especially in older people. In rare cases, vertigo can be a sign of a more serious condition such as a stroke, so it is important to seek care immediately if you also have weakness, difficulty speaking, or sudden vision changes. Most causes of vertigo are treatable.

Treatment depends on the cause. A doctor may prescribe medication to reduce dizziness and nausea, or recommend specific head and body exercises to retrain your balance system. If an ear infection is the cause, antibiotics or other medicines may be needed. Most people with vertigo recover well with the right treatment.

You can reduce the chances of vertigo returning by avoiding sudden head movements, getting up slowly from lying or sitting positions, and managing conditions like high blood pressure or migraines with your doctor's help. Staying well hydrated and reducing stress can also help. If you have had vertigo before, your doctor may teach you exercises to do at home to keep your balance system healthy.