Understanding Fever

Fever is most often caused by infections such as malaria, typhoid, flu, or a bacterial infection. Your body raises its temperature on purpose to help fight off the germs making you sick. Other causes can include heat exhaustion, certain medicines, or inflammatory conditions, though these are less common in West Africa.

A mild fever in a healthy adult can often be managed at home by resting, drinking plenty of water, and taking paracetamol to bring the temperature down. However, you should see a doctor if the fever is very high, lasts more than two to three days, or comes with other symptoms like a rash, severe headache, or difficulty breathing. In West Africa, it is especially important to test for malaria early, as it can become dangerous quickly.

Fever can be more serious in young children, especially babies under 3 months old. A high fever in a child can sometimes cause febrile seizures (convulsions), which are frightening but usually short-lived. Always take a child with a high fever or a fever that does not improve to a clinic or hospital promptly.

Take paracetamol (such as Panadol) at the correct dose for your age and weight, and drink plenty of cool water or oral rehydration solution to stay hydrated. You can also use a damp cloth on the forehead or take a lukewarm bath to help cool the body. Avoid very cold water or ice, as this can cause shivering and actually raise the body temperature further.

Many fevers in West Africa are caused by malaria, so sleeping under an insecticide-treated mosquito net and removing standing water around your home are important steps. Washing your hands regularly helps prevent infections that cause fever, such as typhoid and flu. Keeping your vaccinations up to date — including for typhoid and meningitis — also reduces your risk.